Kev faib tawm thiab metabolism ntawm iodine hauv Tsiaj txhu
1.1 Kev faib tawm ntawm iodine hauv cov tsiaj
Qhov nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm iodine hauv cov tsiaj yog 50-200ug/kg, tab sis tus nqi no txawv ntawm qhov ntau, feem ntau nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm iodine hauv cov khoom noj. Raws li kev noj zaub mov zoo, kev faib tawm ntawm iodine hauv cov tsiaj lub cev yog: 70% -80% ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, 3% -4% ntawm cov leeg, 3% ntawm cov pob txha cheese, thiab 5% -10% ntawm lwm yam kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Iodine nyob rau hauv cov ntshav muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thyroxine, uas feem ntau yog khi rau plasma proteins, thiab ib tug me me yog dawb nyob rau hauv lub plasma.
1.2 Metabolism ntawm iodine
Iodine nkag mus rau tsiaj lub cev nrog rau kev pub thiab dej haus. Feem ntau ntawm cov iodine nyob rau hauv pub yog inorganic iodine tebchaw, uas yuav ncaj qha absorbed nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub digestive ib ntsuj av, thiab lub digestive ib ntsuj av tau thiab absorbed tus nqi yog tshwj xeeb yog siab. Organic cov ntaub ntawv ntawm iodine kuj tshwj xeeb zoo absorbed, tab sis ntawm tus nqi qeeb. Qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev nqus hauv cov tsiaj txhu monogastric yog cov hnyuv me, ua raws li lub plab; Qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev nqus hauv ruminants yog rumen.
Cov iodine absorbed los ntawm txoj hnyuv muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm I-1 tom qab nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab li ntawm 60% -70% yog coj los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Hauv cov thyroid caj pas, nws yog thawj zaug oxidized rau I2 thiab tom qab ntawd ua ke nrog cov tyrosine residues hauv thyroglobulin los tsim iodide thyroglobulin, uas tau khaws cia rau hauv cov thyroid caj pas thiab tuaj yeem hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm proteolytic enzymes hauv lysosome kom tso triglycerides nrog cov tshuaj hormones. kev ua si. Iodothyronine (T3) thiab thyroxine (T4) nkag mus rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov ntshav ncig los ua lub luag haujlwm. 80% ntawm thyroxine nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev yog decomposed los ntawm deiodinase, thiab cov iodine tso tawm circulates rau cov thyroid caj pas rau rov qab siv. Lub turnover metabolism ntawm inorganic iodine nyob rau hauv lub cev yog sai, thaum lub turnover metabolism ntawm organic iodine yog qeeb.
Iodine feem ntau yog tawm nrog cov zis los ntawm ob lub raum, thiab ib feem me me yog tawm nrog qaub ncaug, kua txiv kab ntxwv, kua tsib thiab quav los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Lub endogenous fecal iodine ntawm monogastric tsiaj thiab cov nyuj cov mis nyuj yog tsuas yog excreted nrog cov kua tsib, thaum cov neeg laus ruminants yog excreted nrog cov kua tsib nyob rau hauv cov qaub ncaug, thiab ib feem ntawm nws yog excreted nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm iodine-muaj pyruvic acid derivatives. Tsis tas li ntawd, iodine kuj tuaj yeem tawm los ntawm lub ntsws thiab tawv nqaij, thiab tsim cov tsiaj los ntawm cov khoom tsiaj.
2 Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Physiological Functions ntawm Iodine
2.1 Tswj cov metabolism thiab tswj lub cev kub sib npaug
Tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm thyroxine tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm nuclear RNA polymerase, nce cov synthesis ntawm tag nrho RNA, thiab yog li indirectly txhawb cov synthesis ntawm cov protein; Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm cov enzymes koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj metabolism kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho.
Thyroxine tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv metabolism thiab lub zog metabolism, uas yog, cov txheej txheem ntawm oxidative phosphorylation, thiab txhawb cov txheej txheem oxidation lom hauv lub voj voog triphosphate. Ib koob tshuaj uas tsim nyog ntawm thyroxine tuaj yeem txhawb kev lom neeg oxidation ntawm qab zib thiab rog, koom tes oxidation thiab phosphorylation, thiab khaws ib feem ntawm lub zog tso tawm hauv adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thaum tus so tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub lossis tso tawm sab nraum lub cev. .
2.2 Muaj feem xyuam rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj
Thyroxine muaj kev tswj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb, lub cev pob txha, cov hlab plawv thiab lub plab zom mov, thiab tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib txawv ntawm cov nqaij mos thiab kev loj hlob, yog li txhawb cov tub ntxhais hluas kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, nce basal metabolic tus nqi thiab oxygen noj. Iodine deficiency nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tsiaj yuav tshwm sim raws li stunted kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, tsis muaj zog, ua rau "cretinism".
2.3 Muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tsiaj yug me nyuam
Iodine yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob uas ua kom muaj kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov tsiaj. Qhov tsis muaj iodine tuaj yeem ua rau tsiaj muaj menyuam tsis taus, txawv txav lossis cuam tshuam, thiab txawm tias muaj menyuam tsis taus. Kev tsis txaus iodine hnyav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov xeeb ntxwv, ua rau kev loj hlob stagnation thiab hypoplasia hauv cov xeeb ntxwv. Iodine deficiency hauv txiv neej tsiaj tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis, tsis zoo. Kev tsis txaus iodine hauv cov poj niam tsiaj tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis qis qis, nchuav menyuam, tsis muaj zog fetus thiab cov placenta tom qab yug me nyuam. Iodine deficiency nyob rau hauv breeders tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis hatchability, yolksac absorption disorder, thiab ntev incubation lub sij hawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, iodine deficiency hauv cov tsiaj kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntsiab lus iodine qis hauv lawv cov khoom.
2.4 Muaj feem xyuam rau lub tsho tiv no ntawm cov tsiaj
Kev tsis txaus iodine yuav cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj plaub, ua rau cov tawv nqaij qhuav thiab qias neeg, kev loj hlob qeeb, plaub hau poob lossis txawm tias tag nrho lub cev plaub hau, tawv tawv, poob ntawm cov plaub hau thiab plaub, thiab fibrosis ntawm lub tsho loj thoob plaws lub cev. .
3 Kev tsis txaus iodine thiab lom hauv cov tsiaj
3.1 Iodine deficiency
Muaj ob hom iodine deficiency nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, ib qho yog thawj iodine deficiency, uas yog vim tsis txaus iodine ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv pub. Qhov no deficiency feem ntau yog endemic. Piv txwv li, qhov tsis muaj iodine hauv cov av hauv zos thiab cov dej haus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov ntsiab lus iodine tsis txaus hauv cov khoom noj hauv zos thiab cov khoom ua liaj ua teb, thiab yooj yim ua rau cov neeg nyob hauv zos thiab cov tsiaj txhu tsis muaj iodine. Lwm hom kev tsis txaus iodine yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm iodine, feem ntau vim tias cov khoom noj muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nqus thiab kev siv iodine, xws li thiocyanate, qabzib isothiocyanate, glycoside arachidonoside thiab cyanogenic glycosides, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab mob goiter-tsim xws li thiometazol thiab thiourea, uas muaj ntau dua hauv kev pub, tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsiaj tsis muaj iodine. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov poov tshuaj ions nyob rau hauv pub yog siab dhau lawm, uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm iodine thiab ua rau cov tsiaj tsis muaj iodine.
3.2 iodine lom
Kev noj iodine ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau hyperiodine goiter thiab tsiaj lom. Zhang Sufang thiab lwm tus tau tshaj tawm tias haus dej nrog 0.2% KI tiv thaiv kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam qaib los ntawm mycosis. Ntau tshaj 10 teev tom qab haus dej haus, zaub mov poob, wilting, qhov muag kaw, caj dab shrinkage, pw tsaug zog, tsis khov kho, nce qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, cov quav xoob, dyspnea, thiab paroxysmal angular arch. Pulmonary edema, congestion, nce tracheal mucus, duodenal hemorrhage, hepatic thiab lub raum o thiab congestion, ileocecal effusion, thiab mob hlwb edema tau pom nyob rau hauv autopsy.
4 Kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev kho mob
Ntxiv iodine yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab kev tswj xyuas tau zoo, tab sis cov koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom ntau dhau.
Qhov ncauj iodized ntsev yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev kho mob ntawm iodine deficiency. Cov neeg laus nyuj {{{0}}mg/d, laus yaj 20-50mg/d, yaj 5-10mg/d. Ntxiv 0.25% poov tshuaj iodide rau nqaij qaib noj, los yog ntxiv 0.023% poov tshuaj iodide rau saline zoo tib yam, thiab cia nws haus dawb. Qhov ncauj compound iodine tov (5% I, 10% KI), 10-20 tee/d rau nyuj, 5-10 tee/d rau cov neeg laus yaj, 1-3 tee/d rau yaj, 20 hnub raws li kev kho mob, txhua txhua 2-3 hli Rov ua cov chav kawm ib zaug ntxiv. Thaum tus kab mob goiter loj thiab khov, iodine tshuaj pleev tuaj yeem siv tau; Tom qab lub caj pas yog suppurated, qhov phais phais yog rinsed nrog dilute iodine tov.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob no, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau cov ntsiab lus iodine hauv kev noj haus kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov tsiaj. Siv iodine-muaj ntsev cib kom cia tsiaj yaim dawb, los yog ntxiv seaweed, seaweed thiab lwm yam khoom rau kev pub, los yog sib tov iodine rau hauv cov ntxhia tshuaj, feem ntau yog poov tshuaj iodide los yog poov tshuaj iodate yog tov nrog stearic acid, tov nrog muab tso rau hauv pub. los yog ntsev cib los tiv thaiv iodine volatilization, qhov concentration yog 0.01%, thiab nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv iodine deficiency.
